Dementia Medication: Simple Facts You Need to Know

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with dementia, the first thing most people wonder is "what meds can help?" The short answer is there are a few prescription drugs that can slow symptoms, plus some over‑the‑counter options for mood and sleep. Understanding how each one works makes it easier to pick the right plan.

Prescription drugs that target memory and thinking

The most common prescription meds for dementia are called cholinesterase inhibitors. Names you’ll see are donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne). They keep the brain’s chemical acetylcholine from breaking down too fast, which can improve short‑term memory and daily function for many people.

Another drug, memantine (Namenda), works a different way by blocking excess glutamate, a chemical that can damage brain cells. Doctors often add memantine to a cholinesterase inhibitor when symptoms get worse. Both types need a prescription and regular check‑ups to watch for side effects.

When to consider other medicines and supplements

Besides the main dementia drugs, some people use vitamins or herbal supplements. Vitamin E, omega‑3 fish oil, and certain plant extracts have mixed study results, so talk to a doctor before starting them. Antidepressants or antipsychotics might be prescribed if mood changes or agitation become a problem.

Sleep aids, like melatonin, can help if nighttime confusion is an issue, but avoid strong sedatives unless a doctor says it’s safe. Always check interactions – many dementia meds can affect blood pressure or cause stomach upset.

When you first get a prescription, the doctor will start at a low dose and increase it slowly. This helps the body adjust and lets the doctor spot any side effects early. Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, and mild dizziness. If anything feels severe, call the doctor right away.

Keeping a medication list handy is a good habit. Write down each drug, dose, and time you take it. Share the list with any caregiver or pharmacist. Mistakes happen when people forget a dose or take a double dose, especially as memory changes.

Regular follow‑ups are key. Doctors usually ask for a brief cognitive test every few months to see if the meds are working. If they’re not, the doctor might switch to a different drug or add another one. Never stop a dementia medication without talking to the prescriber – stopping suddenly can cause a rebound of symptoms.

Lastly, remember that medication is only one part of managing dementia. Staying active, eating a balanced diet, and staying socially engaged can boost the benefits of any drug. Pair the pills with simple activities like walking, puzzles, or music, and you’ll give the brain a better chance to stay sharp.

So, whether you’re just starting a prescription or looking for ways to support existing treatment, the basics are: know the drug names, take them as directed, watch for side effects, and keep the doctor in the loop. With the right approach, dementia medication can make everyday life a bit easier for you and your family.